PET 2026 · History

Buddhism: path, community and texts

The Noble Eightfold Path, the ordination of women in the Sangha and Pali Buddhist literature

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MINDMAPS FOR UPSCPET 2026 · VISUAL REVISION

Buddhism: path, community and texts

The Noble Eightfold Path, the ordination of women in the Sangha and Pali Buddhist literature

Concept map
Buddhist Teachings, Sangha & Texts

Truths and the path

  • The Four Noble Truths explain suffering (dukkha), its origin in craving (tanha), its cessation, and the path.
  • The Noble Eightfold Path (Ashtangika Marga) is the middle way avoiding extreme austerity and indulgence.
  • 'Right Devotion' (Samyak Bhakti) is not part of the Eightfold Path; the path stresses ethics and mindfulness.

Eight components, three groups

  • Wisdom (Prajna): Right View (Samyak Drishti) and Right Intention/Resolve (Samyak Sankalpa).
  • Ethical Conduct (Sila): Right Speech (Vak), Right Action (Karmanta) and Right Livelihood (Ajiva).
  • Mental discipline: right effort, right mindfulness and right concentration.

The monastic community

  • The Buddha established the monastic order (Sangha) initially for monks (bhikkhus) and later admitted women.
  • Mahapajapati Gotami is traditionally recognised as the first bhikkhuni.
  • Bhikkhu means monk; bhikkhuni means nun; both belong to the monastic community.

Texts and chronicles

  • Tripitaka = Three Baskets: Vinaya (rules), Sutta (discourses), Abhidhamma (systematic teachings).
  • Dipavamsa literally means 'The Chronicle of the Island', an early Pali historical record from Sri Lanka.
  • Mahavamsa literally means 'The Great Chronicle'; keep its title meaning distinct from Dipavamsa.
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Practise this concept · संबंधित प्रश्न

One visual, several questions. These links open the original paper at the matching question.

25 Oct · Shift 1 · 2026

25 Oct · Shift 2 · 2026

30 Oct · Shift 1 · 2026

Sources & study notes · स्रोत

Independent revision material, linked to the paper’s concepts. The question papers and answer-key status are available on OpenPYQ.