PET 2026 · Polity

Rights, Directive Principles and Duties

Compare constitutional location, enforceability and key articles across Parts III, IV and IVA

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MINDMAPS FOR UPSCPET 2026 · VISUAL REVISION

Rights, Directive Principles and Duties

Compare constitutional location, enforceability and key articles across Parts III, IV and IVA

Comparison
Constitutional Framework of Rights, Directives & Duties

Fundamental Rights (Part III)

  • Part III contains Fundamental Rights, enforceable through constitutional remedies.
  • Article 14: equality; Article 15: specified discrimination; Article 17: untouchability.
  • Articles 29–30 protect cultural rights and the right of minorities to run educational institutions.

Directive Principles (Part IV)

  • Articles 36–51 are non-justiciable under Article 37, yet fundamental in the governance of the country.
  • Article 39A (added by 42nd Amendment) directs the State to provide equal justice and free legal aid.
  • Article 44 directs the State to endeavour to secure a Uniform Civil Code (UCC) for citizens.

Fundamental Duties (Part IVA)

  • Article 51A was added by the 42nd Amendment (1976) during Prime Minister Indira Gandhi's tenure.
  • The 86th Amendment (2002) added the education-related duty in Article 51A(k).
  • Article 51A(h) makes it a citizen's duty to develop scientific temper, humanism and spirit of inquiry.

Classification & Statutory Distinctions

  • Do not confuse untouchability abolition (Art 17, Right) with scientific temper (Art 51A, Duty).
  • Directive Principles guide laws and policy; Article 37 makes them non-justiciable.
  • A constitutional policy direction and a law implementing it are distinct legal instruments.
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