PET 2026 · CSAT

Build a family tree before naming a relation

Generation levels, reference anchors and coded-relation decoding

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MINDMAPS FOR UPSCPET 2026 · VISUAL REVISION

Build a family tree before naming a relation

Generation levels, reference anchors and coded-relation decoding

Concept map
Family-Tree Analysis
Separate the generations firstABCGeneration 1Generation 2Generation 3Arrow means “is a parent of”A is C’s grandparent; gender needs a separate clue.
Separate the generations firstSwipe sideways to explore the diagram.

Generation and Link Notation

  • Place parents one level above children, siblings on the same level, and spouses with a paired link.
  • Mark gender only when a clue or relation word states it; never infer gender from a name or letter.
  • A named father–mother pair is treated as spouses only under the problem’s stated or usual exam convention.

Inside-Out Monologue Decoding

  • Start from phrases anchored to the speaker ('my...') and reduce them step by step to one person.
  • When a woman says 'my father's only daughter', that phrase refers to the speaking woman herself.
  • Resolve each family phrase using its stated parent and sibling links; note any convention needed.

Coded-Relation Chains

  • Translate each adjacent relation symbol separately; do not use arithmetic precedence.
  • With A − B = A is B's brother and A × B = A is B's mother, P − R × Q links P to R and R to Q.
  • In P − R × Q, P is brother of R and R is mother of Q, so P is the maternal uncle of Q.

Direction and Side Checks

  • Keep maternal (mother's side) and paternal (father's side) distinct before choosing an option.
  • Answer 'How is X related to Y?' with X's role relative to Y, not Y's role relative to X.
  • Ignore extra relatives added as distractors once the direct path between X and Y is fixed.
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Practise this concept · संबंधित प्रश्न

One visual, several questions. These links open the original paper at the matching question.

25 Oct · Shift 1 · 2026

25 Oct · Shift 2 · 2026

30 Oct · Shift 1 · 2026

Sources & study notes · स्रोत

Independent revision material, linked to the paper’s concepts. The question papers and answer-key status are available on OpenPYQ.