PET 2026 · Economy

GST and the taxes it replaced

Compare post-1991 tax reform committees, taxes subsumed into GST, excluded taxes and dual GST

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MINDMAPS FOR UPSCPET 2026 · VISUAL REVISION

GST and the taxes it replaced

Compare post-1991 tax reform committees, taxes subsumed into GST, excluded taxes and dual GST

Comparison
Indian Tax Reforms & GST Architecture

Tax on supply and consumption

  • GST is a destination-based indirect tax on supplies of goods and services.
  • Tax revenue follows the place-of-supply rules, not simply the producer’s location.
  • Eligible input tax credit helps reduce tax-on-tax cascading.

Taxes brought together

  • Service tax and many central excise levies were subsumed within the specified scope.
  • State VAT, octroi and entry tax were among the subsumed state/local taxes.
  • Subsumed means replaced within GST’s scope; it does not mean every old levy disappeared.

Dual structure

  • Intra-state taxable supply generally attracts CGST plus SGST or UTGST.
  • Inter-state taxable supply generally attracts IGST.
  • The GST Council makes recommendations under Article 279A.

Important boundaries

  • Income tax is a direct tax; it was not subsumed into GST.
  • Alcoholic liquor for human consumption is outside the constitutional GST definition.
  • Specified petroleum products have a separate constitutional provision for starting GST levy.
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Practise this concept · संबंधित प्रश्न

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25 Oct · Shift 1 · 2026

Sources & study notes · स्रोत

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