PET 2026 · History

Reform, equality and public service

Distinguish anti-caste movements, moderate public-service societies, Gandhian reformers and revolutionaries

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MINDMAPS FOR UPSCPET 2026 · VISUAL REVISION

Reform, equality and public service

Distinguish anti-caste movements, moderate public-service societies, Gandhian reformers and revolutionaries

Mindmap
Social Reform & Nationalist Organisations

Challenging caste hierarchy

  • Sree Narayana Guru (Kerala) advocated 'One Caste, One Religion, One God for Mankind' against caste inequality.
  • Guru Ghasidas founded the Satnami Movement in Central India (Chhattisgarh) to uplift leather workers.
  • Their work questioned inherited caste hierarchy and promoted human dignity.

Servants of India Society

  • Gopal Krishna Gokhale founded the Servants of India Society at Pune in June 1905.
  • Aimed to train national missionaries for constitutional public service, education and social uplift.
  • Its method centred on trained, sustained public service through constitutional means.

Kelappan and social equality

  • K. Kelappan was popularly known as the 'Kerala Gandhi' for his Gandhian constructive and satyagraha work.
  • He led the Payyannur Salt Satyagraha (1930) and played a leading role in the Vaikom and Guruvayur satyagrahas.
  • Temple-entry campaigns challenged caste-based exclusion from public religious life.

Abhinav Bharat

  • Abhinav Bharat was founded in 1904 by the Savarkar brothers, including V. D. Savarkar.
  • Abhinav Bharat was a secret revolutionary organisation advocating armed struggle for complete independence.
  • Revolutionary organisation differed in method from Gandhian nonviolent satyagraha.
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Sources & study notes · स्रोत

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